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Although the AI race has only just begun, AI and machine learning have been around longer than most people realize. AI systems are very important in many fields.
They accelerate research and development in a wide range of fields, including healthcare, homeland security, logistics, banking, retail, and more.
AI has a long and interesting past. These are some of the most important discoveries that have led to the most advanced AI models we have today.
1300-1900: Tracing the roots of AI
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AI has been talked about since the late Middle Ages, but computers didn’t appear until the mid-1970s. Scholars often thought about what would come next. Of course, they did not have the tools or skills to turn thoughts into reality.
- 1305: Ramon Llull, theologian and Catalan saint, writes Ars Magna at the beginning of the 13th century. He details mechanical methods for logical interfaith dialogues. In the last part of Ars Magna, called Ars Generalis Ultima, a diagram is shown to obtain propositions from knowledge that already exists. It looks like training for AI.
- 1666: Gottfried Leibniz’s Combinatorial Art Dissertatio is inspired by Ars Magna. It is a machine that breaks down the conversation into its simplest parts so that it can be easily analyzed. These formulas that have been taken apart are like the data sets that AI writers use.
- 1726: The locomotive is first mentioned in Jonathan Swift’s book Gulliver’s Travels. It is an invented machine that generates sets of words and logical combinations. This means that even “the most ignorant person” could use it to write academic articles on different topics. This is exactly what generative AI does.
- 1854: George Boole, an English mathematician, says that logical thinking is like knowing how to count. He says that people can use math to generate ideas and figure out how to solve problems. By chance, generative AI uses complicated methods to do things.
Although the first time frame that looks at where the AI came from is very long, there are some important events.
1900-1950: The dawn of modern AI
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During this time, technological progress moved rapidly. The researchers were able to test theories, ideas, and speculations because they had easy access to IT tools. They were laying the foundation for the science of cybernetics.
- 1914: El Ajedrecista, which means “The Chess Player” in English, was made by the Spanish construction engineer Leonardo Torres y Quevedo. It is an early example of automation. The chess player used his rook and his king to checkmate the other player in the endgame.
- 1943: Walter Pitts and Warren McCulloch made a model of the organic neuron using mathematics and computers. He does easy things that make sense. Researchers would continue to use this algorithm for many years, helping them create the neural networks and deep learning tools we use today.
- 1950: Alan Turing wrote Computing Machinery and Intelligence. It is the first study paper to analyze artificial intelligence, although the term AI did not occur to him. He calls them “machines” and “computing machinery.” In his thesis problem statements, he mainly talked about how machines can be intelligent and use logic.
- 1950: Alan Turing published the Turing Test. It is one of the oldest and most common ways to test the correctness of AI systems through questions.
The work of Alan Turing and the Turing Test, which attempts to answer the question “Can machines think?”, mark the beginning of modern AI.
1951-2000: Exploring the applications of AI technologies
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During this time, the word “artificial intelligence” was first used. After laying the groundwork for the AI, researchers began to investigate how it could be used. Several industries tried it. The researchers worked on the medical, industrial and logistical uses of the technology before it was offered to the public.
- 1956: Alan Turing and John Von Neumann were already looking for ways to make machines that could think logically. But John McCarthy didn’t come up with the word “AI” until 1956. McCarthy, Claude Shannon, Nathaniel Rochester, and Marvin Minsky first proposed it in a plan for a long-term study.
- 1966: Under the direction of the Stanford Research Institute, Charles Rosen built the Shakey robot. It could be the first “smart” robot that can do simple jobs, recognize patterns, and figure out how to get somewhere.
- 1997: IBM created Deep Blue, which uses its computers to play chess. It is the first time that a single machine has played a complete game of chess and won. A world-class chess grandmaster also participated in the exercise.
During the middle part of AI’s development, the word “artificial intelligence” was first used. This was one of the most important things that happened.
2001-2010: Integration of AI into modern technologies
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Consumers had access to new and cutting-edge tools that made their lives easier. They got used to these new things slowly. The iPod took the place of the Sony Walkman, gaming systems killed arcades, and Wikipedia beat out Encyclopedia Britannica.
- 2001: ASIMO was made by Honda. It has two legs and is controlled by AI. He can walk as fast as a person. But ASIMO was never sold to the public; Honda used it primarily as a study platform for mobility, machine learning, and robotics.
- 2002: iRobot made the robot that cleans floors. Although the tool has a simple purpose, it uses an algorithm that is much more complex than the previous one.
- 2006: Michele Banko, Oren Etzioni, and Michael Cafarella wrote a seminal study on machine reading at the Turing Center. It shows how well a system can understand words on its own.
- 2008: Google released an iOS app that can recognize speech. It was accurate 92 percent of the time, which was better than its predecessors, which were only accurate 80 percent of the time.
- 2009: Google worked on its robotic car for four years before it passed the first state test of its ability to drive itself in 2014. Competitors would use AI to improve self-driving cars in the future.
Although this period had some of the most famous technologies of the last few decades, AI was not really on most people’s minds. Personal and home assistants like Siri and Alexa didn’t show up until the next term.
2011-2020: The diffusion and development of AI-powered applications
During this time, companies started making AI-powered products that worked well. They add AI to things like virtual assistants, grammar checkers, computers, smartphones, and augmented reality apps.
- 2011: IBM created Watson, a computer system that can answer questions. The company pitted him against two previous Jeopardy champions to prove how good he was, and Watson the computer won.
- 2011: Siri was made by Apple. It is an AI-powered smart virtual assistant that is still frequently used by iPhone users.
- 2012: Researchers at the University of Toronto created a large-scale image recognition system that works 84 percent of the time. Keep in mind that the older guys made mistakes 25% of the time.
- 2016: World Winner in Go as AlphaGo is a computer system that Google DeepMind taught to play Go. Lee Sedol played five games against him. Lee lost four times. This goes to show that well-trained AI systems are better than even the most highly-trained experts in their fields.
- 2018: OpenAI created GPT-1, which is the first example of a language in the GPT family. The BookCorpus collection was used to train developers. The model could answer questions about general information and speak like a real person.
During this time, people probably used AI apps without even realizing it, even though visual and speech recognition tools were still young for most people. AI research accelerated towards the end of the decade, but not as much as what was to come.
2021-Present: Global tech leaders launch the great AI race
The great AI race has begun. Developers are making language models available, and companies are looking for ways to add AI to their products. At this rate, almost every item people buy will have some form of AI.
- 2022: With ChatGPT, OpenAI made a lot of noise. It’s an AI-powered smart robot that runs on GPT-3.5, which is an update to the GPT model it made in 2018. During training, the people who made it gave it 300 billion words.
- 2023: Other tech companies around the world followed suit. Google released Bard, Microsoft released Bing Chat, Meta created an open source language model called LLaMA, and OpenAI released GPT-4, an updated version of its model.
There are also many AI web applications and AI-based health applications that can be used or are being created, and there will be many more.
How will AI shape the future?
AI is more than just chatting and taking photos. They help progress in many areas, such as global security and market technology. AI helps you in more ways than you think. So instead of rejecting AI systems that are open to the public, you should learn how to use them yourself.
Simple AI tools like ChatGPT and Bing Chat can help you speed up your study. Put them in your daily life. Powerful language models can write hard letters, search for SEO keywords, solve math problems, and answer general knowledge questions.
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Categories: Technology
Source: vtt.edu.vn